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進階 Svelte 進階綁定 綁定至元件實例

就像您可以綁定到 DOM 元素一樣，您可以使用 bind:this 綁定到元件實例本身。

在極少數情況下，您需要以程式方式與元件互動（而不是提供更新的 props）時，這非常有用。回顧我們從幾個練習前的畫布應用程式，如果能加入一個按鈕來清除螢幕會很不錯。

首先，讓我們從 Canvas.svelte 匯出一個函式

Canvas
let canvas = $state();
let context = $state();
let coords = $state();

export function clear() {
	context.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
}

然後，建立一個元件實例的參考

App
let selected = $state(colors[0]);
let size = $state(10);
let showMenu = $state(true);

let canvas;
App
<Canvas bind:this={canvas} color={selected} size={size} />

最後，新增一個呼叫 clear 函式的按鈕

App
<div class="controls">
	<button class="show-menu" onclick={() => showMenu = !showMenu}>
		{showMenu ? 'close' : 'menu'}
	</button>

	<button onclick={() => canvas.clear()}>
		clear
	</button>
</div>

在 GitHub 上編輯此頁面

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<script>
	import Canvas from './Canvas.svelte';
	import { trapFocus } from './actions.svelte.js';
 
	const colors = ['red', 'orange', 'yellow', 'green', 'blue', 'indigo', 'violet', 'white', 'black'];
 
	let selected = $state(colors[0]);
	let size = $state(10);
	let showMenu = $state(true);
</script>
 
<div class="container">
	<Canvas color={selected} size={size} />
 
	{#if showMenu}
		<div
			role="presentation"
			class="modal-background"
			onclick={(event) => {
				if (event.target === event.currentTarget) {
					showMenu = false;
				}
			}}
			onkeydown={(e) => {
				if (e.key === 'Escape') {
					showMenu = false;
				}
			}}
		>
			<div class="menu" use:trapFocus>
				<div class="colors">
					{#each colors as color}
						<button
							class="color"
							aria-label={color}
							aria-current={selected === color}
							style="--color: {color}"
							onclick={() => {
								selected = color;
							}}
						></button>
					{/each}
				</div>
 
				<label>
					small
					<input type="range" bind:value={size} min="1" max="50" />
					large
				</label>
			</div>
		</div>
	{/if}
 
	<div class="controls">
		<button class="show-menu" onclick={() => showMenu = !showMenu}>
			{showMenu ? 'close' : 'menu'}
		</button>
	</div>
</div>
 
<style>
	.container {
		position: fixed;
		left: 0;
		top: 0;
		width: 100%;
		height: 100%;
	}
 
	.controls {
		position: absolute;
		left: 0;
		top: 0;
		padding: 1em;
	}
 
	.show-menu {
		width: 5em;
	}
 
	.modal-background {
		position: fixed;
		display: flex;
		justify-content: center;
		align-items: center;
		left: 0;
		top: 0;
		width: 100%;
		height: 100%;
		backdrop-filter: blur(20px);
	}
 
	.menu {
		position: relative;
		background: var(--bg-2);
		width: calc(100% - 2em);
		max-width: 28em;
		padding: 1em 1em 0.5em 1em;
		border-radius: 1em;
		box-sizing: border-box;
		user-select: none;
	}
 
	.colors {
		display: grid;
		align-items: center;
		grid-template-columns: repeat(9, 1fr);
		grid-gap: 0.5em;
	}
 
	.color {
		aspect-ratio: 1;
		border-radius: 50%;
		background: var(--color, #fff);
		transform: none;
		filter: drop-shadow(2px 2px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.2));
		transition: all 0.1s;
	}
 
	.color[aria-current="true"] {
		transform: translate(1px, 1px);
		filter: none;
		box-shadow: inset 3px 3px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
	}
 
	.menu label {
		display: flex;
		width: 100%;
		margin: 1em 0 0 0;
	}
 
	.menu input {
		flex: 1;
	}
</style>